Compare and differentiate Maoism and Stalinism Term Paper

Look at and separate Maoism and Stalinism - Term Paper Example The laborers and laborers shaped the progressive classes under this conviction. Marxism-Leninism is an internationally slanted philosophy that was of the conviction that the socialist transformation was unavoidable. It further pushed that once the unrest had occurred in one nation, at that point others will before long have their own transformations. In this way, it was the obligation of adherents of Marxism-Leninism to attempt to trade the transformation. Both Stalin and Mao attempted to actualize Marxism-Leninism in their nations though with certain changes to suit their current circumstances and individual feelings. The two chiefs executed â€Å"Five Year Plans† in their nations so as to prod improvement. Stalin’s First Five Year Plan (FFYP) started right off the bat in 1926. His significant center was to change the Soviet Union from an agrarian economy to a conspicuous mechanical force. He contended that quick industrialization was basic for the Soviet Union to pros per and make due as a force to be reckoned with. Stalin’s FFYP was introduced as a Second Revolution and this helped him to prepare the workers as they saw themselves to be in a class war with their past oppressors (Keefe, 2009). Instead of follow Marxism-Leninism, the FFYP was an upheaval from above; not from the majority. Stalin made an exceptionally brought together order economy under the protection of the State Planning Committee (Gosplan). The socialist fundamental of correspondence was ignored as Stalin offered motivations to Managers and talented specialists. It ought to be noticed that the FFYP put overwhelming accentuation on the substantial business as monstrous assets were set up to build up the oil and steel industry. Mao’s started executing his First Five Year Plan (FFYP) in 1953. As per Friedman (2001), Mao’s center objective was to end Chinese reliance on horticulture and change the nation into an industrialized economy. Mao’s plan was fun damentally the same as Stalin’s since it additionally upheld for fast industrialization in order to make China a force to be reckoned with. The Chinese depended on the help of the Russians both financially and in fact. Mao revamped his organization to decrease administration and increment the country’s work power. This move was planned for lessening the odds of crashing progress because of a long hierarchy of leadership. The laborers were required to differentiate from horticulture to modern work. In spite of the fact that the viability of the First Five Year Plans for the two chiefs was faulty, they all things considered proceeded to dispatch their Second Five Year Plans (SFYP). Stalin actualized his SFYP starting 1933. This arrangement used the businesses worked during the past arrangement to build profitability. The Second Five Year Plan focused on buyer products dissimilar to its ancestor. By and large, this arrangement was substantially more sensible and accomplis hed impressively better outcomes. After Mao’s FFYP, he actualized a considerably more brassy arrangement in the Second Five Year Plan. Mao accepted that China would grow all the more quickly if all assets were utilized to create both industry and the rural division simultaneously. He used the country’s modest work to offer types of assistance essentially to the grain and steel industry. In any case, helpless workmanship brought about the disappointment of the steel creation ventures. The steel plants were half-baked and there was shortage of qualified architects to manage the work (Mark, 2001). So as to rule on the rural area, both Stalin and Mao actualized the approach of Collectivization. Under Stalin,

Definition and Examples of Persiflage in English

Definition and Examples of Persiflage in English Definition Persiflage is a light, sassy, as well as ridiculing way of discourse or composing. Additionally called exchange, inert jabber, or casual chitchat. Philip Gooden portrays persiflage as a variation on exchange. It doesnt add a lot to that word or other English reciprocals and has a somewhat twee or over-artistic quality (Faux Pas: A No-babble Guide to Words and Phrases, 2006) See Examples and Observations underneath. Additionally observe: ConversationParodySarcasmSnarkVerbal Irony EtymologyFrom the Latin, whistle talkâ Models and Observations Persiflage is discourse or composing with flippant. It consolidates incongruity, levity, and conundrum, regarding trifles as genuine issues and genuine issues as trifles.(Willard R. Espy, The Garden of Eloquence: A Rhetorical Bestiary. Harper Row, 1983) Lord Chesterfield on Persiflage-There is a sure language, which, in French, I should call un Persiflage dAffaires, that an outside Minister should be consummately ace of, and might be utilized beneficially at extraordinary diversions, in blended organizations, and in all events where he should talk, and should state nothing. All around turned and expressive, it appears to mean something, however in truth it amounts to nothing. It is a sort of political badinage, which forestalls or expels a thousand challenges, to which an outside Minister is uncovered in blended conversations.(Philip Dormer Stanhope, Lord Chesterfield, letter to his child, January 15, 1753)- Persiflage. Master Chesterfield, in a letter of 1757, was the first to utili ze this word in English. Upon these fragile events you should rehearse the ecclesiastical shrugs and persiflage. Hannah More in 1779 introduced the ladylike demeanor toward the virus compound of incongruity, irreligion, self-centeredness, and scoff, which make up what the French . . . so well express by the word persiflage. Carlyle, in Heroes and Hero-Worship (1840), said of Voltaire: They felt that, if persiflage be the incredible thing, there never was such a persifleur.(Joseph T. Shipley, The Origins of English Words: A Discursive Dictionary of Indo-European Roots. John Hopkins University Press, 1984) Persiflage in Women in LoveI think you are senseless. I think you need to disclose to me you love me, and you go this route round to do it.All right, he stated, turning upward with abrupt irritation. Presently leave at that point, and disregard me. I dont need any a greater amount of your meretricious persiflage.Is it truly persiflage? she derided, her face truly unwinding into giggling. She deciphered it, that he had made a profound admission of affection to her. Be that as it may, he was so preposterous in his words, also.(D.H. Lawrence, Women in Love, 1920) The Persiflage of Bruce WillisI recollect when they revealed to Sylvia Plath, Hey, Syl, cheer up! I recall when they told e. e. cummings, e, infant; use tops! Be that as it may, did ol e tune in? No. Little n. Little o.(Bruce Willis as David Addison in Moonlighting, 1985)Hans Gruber: I thought I told every one of you, I need radio quiet until further . . .John McClane: Ooooh, Im exceptionally heartbroken, Hans. I didnt get that message. Perhaps you shouldve put it on the announcement board. Since Ive waxed Tony and Marco and his companion here, I figured you and Karl and Franco may be somewhat forlorn, so I needed to give you a call.Karl: How can he know such a great amount about . . .Hans Gruber: Thats sort of you. I expect you are our puzzling gathering crasher. You are generally irksome, for a security guard.John McClane: Eeeh! Sorry Hans, wrong supposition. Might you want to go for Double Jeopardy where the scores can truly change?Hans Gruber: Who are you then?John McClane: Just a fly in the treatment, Hans. The monkey in the wrench. The torment in the ass.(Alan Rickman, Bruce Willis, and Alexander Godunov in Die Hard, 1988) Barbershop PersiflageBuddy Litethe barbershop barfly who’s as yet relaxing in his porkpie cap and abusing the standard posted on a sign expressing No jibber jabberpauses the persiflage to become sentimental.You see, what John doesn’t let you know is that this is the sideshow, he says. The genuine gallery here is the people.(Luke Jerod Kummer, In Pennsylvania, a Haircut to Remember. The Washington Post, February 25, 2011) Persiflage in FilmExcessive complex gadgets offer opportunities for moving the status of the film account when the plot gets optional to persiflage, spoof, and additionally self-reflexive discourse. Just by perceiving the chance of such a move can elaborate gadgets, for example, unnecessary utilization of voice-over or affected referencingwhich appear to be irritating in light of the fact that they hamper the advancement of the storybe appropriately evaluated.(Peter Verstraten, Film Narratology: Introduction to the Theory of Narrative. Trans. by Stefan Van Der Lecq. College of Toronto Press, 2009) Elocution: PUR-si-flahz

Recycling of Construction and Demolition Waste in the Gulf Cooperation Essay

Reusing of Construction and Demolition Waste in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries - Essay Example It is assessed that 55 percent of this all out waste originates from development and destruction, 20 percent from city squander, 18 percent from mechanical waste, and 7 percent from risky waste. The fast advancement in the district, populace development, modern broadening and development exercises consolidated have driven forecasters to anticipate that the Middle East will put billions of dollars in squander the board area throughout the following not many years (Summit to concentrate on squander control). Fundamentally, there are two kinds of development squanders. The first is clearly caused because of some development work embraced at better places every now and then as economies improve. The subsequent development squander happens when there is huge scope urbanization of areas when alongside private structures there are development of foundation, for example, streets, spans, transport warehouses, railroad stations, clinics, sports arenas and even air terminals. Development squander for a huge scope, if not oversaw appropriately, can end up being an aggravation and challenge to nature. Residue contaminations, clamor, asthmatic assaults, and a great many hills of waste material speck the scene in this situation. It is basic that these squanders are quickly trucked away and arranged with the goal that they leave space for new squanders until the total development has occurred. It is important to oversee development squander productively so it isn't hindering to condition and makes extra income (Government to handle destruction squander). A blasting economy normally increases living expectations and styles. It realizes an ocean change in the scene. Spots where there were dry and dry land, towns and urban areas containing fancy structures and ventures emerge. There are office and private structures, fancy shopping centers, streets, spans, schools, spots of amusement, sports arenas, emergency clinics, railroad stations, and air terminals. The quick industrialization and

Challenges Faced By The Management Business Essay - Free Essay Example

For the next three years, China will be the main target for foreign investors to expand their businesses. From year after year, China has managed to increase Foreign Direct Investment tremendously from US$6.6 billion in 1990 to US$62.4 billion in 2000, said Md. Saad Hashim, Deputy Head of the National Economic Action Council (NEAC) Secretariat. The awakening of China poses great threat to countries in South-East Asia. China offers lower-cost and lower-tax environment, ideal manufacturing sites especially for the current economic slowdown. Furthermore, foreign investors hope the market opening will bring them new customers through easier access to the countrys 1.3 billion people, and offer a more predictable business environment in which to locate low-cost manufacturing bases. The economic downturn has also triggered the senior management of most multinational companies to ensure cost effectiveness of their manufacturing plants. Therefore, many multinational companies have made prudent decision to relocate their manufacturing operations to China with the hope of cutting down the cost and gaining Chinas market share. In the Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone (FIZ), Penang, the relocation of several multinationals to China has resulted in a few thousand workers losing their jobs. Lowering cost structure is the key focus of many multinationals; they moved to contract manufacturing and improved productivity. Align with this effort; there is a trend of work schedule change among the multinationals such as Intel, Agilent, AMD and Komag. They switched from eight-hour three shifts to 12-hour two shifts, compressed work schedule. Would this trim down the manufacturing cost? In order to stay competitive, Semiconductor Company in the Bayan Lepas FIZ recently embarked on cost reduction by changing work shift. The company is operating in a shift work system where the workers are divided into four crews called as crew A, B, C and D, running in three rotating shifts in order to be able to cover 24-hours operation in a day and seven days a week. The coverage is such where in any day there will be three shifts working for eight hours each in day, afternoon and night. In this rotating shift system, at any one day there will be a crew of workers on off or rest day. Each crew will work for average of 10.5 days ever y fortnight, of there is any absenteeism, the off or rest crew can be called to come in to work overtime to cover for the absenteeism. The new shift system is operating with four crews, but its operating in 12-hours per shifts, two shifts a day. This means at any one day, there will be two crews of people working in a rotating two shifts, day and night. This working system even has a direct stretch of 12-hours working in a day, but the shift worker need to work for a stretch of three or four days in a week then they will be entitled for three or four days off or rest day. Each crew will work for average seven days, per fortnight. The total working per week or the total working hours per month still remained unchanged and it is within the labor law requirement. Beside the shift pattern changes, the day shift working hours formally started t 6.45am is also changed to 7.00am. This change subsequently leads to other changes such as the employee attendance system, production operat ing system, charted busses schedule, etc. With the implementation of the new system, Mr Zulkifli, person responsible for the change, is having anxiety form the employees negative responses related to the long working hours, work environment and wages. The employees resistance might lead to even lower productivity. He needs to overcome all the resistance without fail. Source: Adapted from a case developed as part of class assignment for AGW613 Management and Organizational Behavior, 2002-03 by Kesvakumar M, Henry Wong Kim Seong, Ang Choo Keong, et al., School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Tasks: Compare and contrast 2 types of organizations in terms of their structures and culture citing relevant examples. Discuss the organizational theory that underpins the principles and practices that this company has taken to its management and leadership. Discuss the different relevant motivational theories, and hence, apply one of the theories within this company in order to motivate its employees towards effectiveness. Discuss the nature of group behavior within this company, and hence, evaluate the factors that lead to effective teamwork using relevant examples. Table of Content TITLE PAGE Introduction 4 Task 1 5 10 Task 2 11 12 Task 3 13 17 Task 4 18 21 Conclusion 22 Bibliography 23 24 Introduction Some decades back organizations were very simple, and the business were only local and were not done on international level. So, therefore, managing the organizations was quite easy and much much simpler than now. The people in the organizations used to be mostly males and of the same origin and background which means that the personnel or the workforce then was not as diverse as now. The new millennium has started and the competition these days has increased tremendously. Every firm and organization tries to compete with others. But firms can have an advantage over its competitors by having better people and personnel. So, as the competition increases emphasis on better and better personnel in an organization increases. Therefore, training better people and workers has become the main concern and issue for the managers. Managers and directors adopt established and new innovative techniques to lift the performance of their workers. So, there is when the importance of organizational Behavior comes into play. Organizational Behavior is simply a way of managing the people and workers CHALLENGES FACED BY THE MANAGEMENT: Todays management faces many challenges and difficulties. Some of the challenges facing management are downsizing, reengineering, knowledge and information explosion, global competition and total quality management. All these factors that are creating difficulties for the management and administrations of the companies can be called the new environment. So, every management has to cope with these difficulties. THE NEW ENVIRONMENT: The new environment; Globalization, Information technology, total quality and diversity and ethics: 1. Globalization Due to the advancements in transportation and development in the field of science the world has become a smaller place and this is called globalization or global village where transporting goods and transmitting information is done in a very shorter period of time than a century ago. So, these advancements have made the world a smaller place and now companies can send and sell their services and products even to far away lands and areas. 2. Information Technology The other major environmental development is that of the computers which poses a challenge to the management of organizations today. In other words, to perform better organizations must employ new technologies and inventions to remain competitive. As the advancements are so much in this field, organizations have to update their knowledge every few months later to a have knowledge of new software and equipments which is a problem and more importantly the organizations have to employee people that can use these new techniques and machines and training and employing these people is a very difficult thing to do. 3. Total Quality Besides other factors the quality of products is given a great deal of importance, due to many choices the customers have, which means that the products and services of the organization has to be of good quality to compete. And this is another headache for the managers. Recently, beside other marketing activities companies should make their products and services so that it must have a better quality to be a success in the market, which increases the responsibilities of any management and people involved in it. 4. Diversity and ethics Diversity means, that nowadays in an organization, people come from different parts of the world with different places and cultures with different ages, backgrounds, religions, ethnicities and values and norms. And managers should keep this in mind that the organization should be designed so that there should be no discrimination on the basis of gender, ethnicity or religion. So, formulating and maintaining such rules, policies and environment in an organization is difficult for its management. Task 1: Compare and contrast 2 types of organizations in terms of their structures and culture citing relevant examples. B. Braun Malaysia 1.0 Introduction of BBraun Company The companys history began on June 23, 1839, when Julius Wilhelm Braun took over the Rosen-Apotheke pharmacy in Melsungen and expanded it, now including a mail-order business for native herbs. Today, more than 170 years later, B. Braun is a global player with more than 40,000 employees and subsidiaries on five continents, in 50 different locations worldwide. The main mission of the company is to provide medical supplies, pharmaceutical products, and surgical instrumentation to health care providers, end-users, professional customers, and strategic business partners and within its branch this company is the world-market leader. They dedicatedly offer operational and logistics services that are not comparable with anyone of their competence in excellence. The business propositions are highly innovative and the company is always trying to advance in progress improving in the ways to do business. With their innovative products and services, B. Braun helps to improve working pr ocedures and treatments in hospitals and medical practices and so increases the safety of patients, doctors and nursing staff. The brand has its strength in innovation from its corporative philosophy that is promoting the exchange of information and experience both within the company and between the professionals in the hospitals, always through dialogue, to use it effectively and expand it consistently and purposefully for the benefit of health. Their goal is to acquire, preserve and expand knowledge for the healthcare market. B. Braun is responsible for transforming all their knowledge into products and services expressed through their three fundamental values of their corporate culture: Innovation, Efficiency and Sustainability. Moreover with its over 5 000 employees worldwide B. Braun is the main employer in the region ?Nordhessen? and Germany?s best employer with full points graded in the fields of ?working conditions?, ?corporate culture? and ?business development? ac cording a study of the CRF. 2.0 Introduction of Organization Structures The organization structure is defined as the way the job tasks are formally divided, grouped and coordinated in an organization. The way an organization organizes itself in terms of who does what, and who reports to whom, is basically what organizational structure is concerned with. The structure of an organization needs to ensure that it is able to achieve its mission and objectives in an effective and efficient manner. In other words, an organization needs to be structured in an appropriate way to get things done, while also enabling d degree of flexibility that will enable it to meet what can often be fast-paced changes in the external business environment. Sometimes, management may decide that the structure of an organization needs to be change, and this is referred to as organizational design. There are six key issues to consider in terms of organizational culture which are specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, degree of centralization and formalization. Specialization is that the work is divided into specific jobs and departmentalization is that the jobs are grouped together, often by function. Chain of command is explains who reports to whom and span of control is the number of staff a manager can effectively and efficiently manage at a given time. Degree of centralization is concerned with the question of whether decisions are made higher up the hierarchy, or further down the hierarchy and formalization is concerned with the level of formality required in the behavior of staff. 3.0 Structures of B Braun Company https://www.bbraun.com.my/images/BMi_board_2.JPG B. Braun Medical Industries Sdn Bhd and B. Braun Asia-Pacific Regional Office Our management consists of a diverse line-up of culture and talent, yet aligned in their focus to continue the B. Braun tradition of sharing, enriching and developing healthcare related knowledge. The 5-board member team comprises (from left to right): Dr Juergen Schloesser Vice President, Operations Centre of Excellence, Intravenous Access Mr Manfred Mahrle Vice-President, Finance, IT and Controlling Asia-Pacific Mdm Yenni Lim Vice-President, Operations/Supply Chain Management Asia-Pacific Dato Kim Hae Dong President, B. Braun Asia-Pacific Dr Heinz-Walter Große Chairman of the Management Board https://www.bbraun.com.my/images/Lam.jpg B. Braun Medical Supplies Sdn Bhd (BMS) BMS is headed by Mr Lam Chee Hong who has been with B. Braun  for over 20 years, having held positions in the local market as well as the Asia-Pacific region.  He brought a wealth of experience with him when he took over the helm of BMS in 2006. Under his leadership, the organisation has thrived and made inroads into challenging markets. He is particularly passionate about creating a learning culture in the organisation.  His goal is to create a  Best Working Place;  a place where employees have the opportunity to grow, be constantly challenged and enjoy what they do. 4.0 Introduction of Organizational Culture The presence of a strong and appropriate organizational culture has become essential for an organization to function effectively and efficiently in the modern era. Organizational culture is the consciously or subconsciously accepted and followed way of life or manner of performing day-to-day activities in an organization. It plays an important role in determining and controlling employee behavior at workplace. The core values, assumptions, norms, procedures, etc. that are followed in an organization constitute its culture. These are more often than not, accepted and followed throughout the organization, without much deviation. However, the presence of individuals from various social cultures and backgrounds in an organization, may lend a slight variation to the beliefs and ideologies of the organizational members. This difference results in the formation of subcultures within organizations. The presence of subcultures may be advantageous to an organization as the deviations from the norm may throw up alternatives to existing practices, which are often useful to the organization in adapting to changes in the external environment. Such adaptability is essential for the organization to survive. However, if the differences in ideologies go beyond a desirable level, they may have a negative effect on the organization and undermine it. The strength of an organizational culture depends on the sharedness and intensity of the core values of the organization. A strong culture tends to enhance employee commitment and loyalty towards the organization. Organizational cultures have been classified into four major types market culture, adhocracy, clan culture and hierarchical culture. 5.0 Organizational Culture of BBraun Company BBraun Company in Bayan Lepas, Penang Participating in the global market and supplying innovative products that are valued by healthcare practitioners has always been and continues to be our credo. All this is possible because B. Braun remains a family-owned company with values that promote growth without compromising on the personal touch. Over 38,000 B. Braun employees around the world strengthen our competitive position. We are now an open and diverse but transparent culture of cooperation spanning the entire globe qualities that are the hallmark of our strength; that which gives us the confidence to move forward into the future. B. Brauns diverse fields of expertise allow the company to view the healthcare system as a whole and offer healthcare solutions in addition to our products. Our four divisions orientate their products and services towards different medical fields: Hospital Care, Aesculap, Medtech and OPM. By networking our divisions knowledge and developing solutions for the healthcare system, we tr ansform products and services into integrated systems. B. Braun is one of the leading global manufacturers of hospital equipment pharmaceuticals. With technical excellence stretching over 168 years, we have more than 38,000 employees worldwide contributing towards the organizational success. BBraun Company in China In addressing the need to strengthen people competency, the company has devised a holistic change program called AP Winning Mechanism.The company defines competency as consisting of three components skills, knowledge and personal attitude. Among the 3 components, personal attitude was seen as the biggest challenge, but if this component could be handled well, the positive impact on the companys performance would be long lasting. Personal attitude referred primarily to the mindset towards change. With the given sizeable work force and entrenched culture of stability, unless the mindset could be unlocked, otherwise all effort of change would yield minimum results. Senge (1990) highlights that the right mindset is the most critical factor for change success. Many other scholars concur and propose that the mindset problem can be overcome by establishing a culture that promotes learning among employees, and particularly employees at the managerial levels. Apart from the mindset chall enge, the regional President identified two key competencies among other competencies that were regarded as strategically important, namely, leadership skill and environment agility or adaptability of the managers. Development of leadership skill is related to development of talent capability and that is consistent with the employees ability to learn and adapt or being agile in the fast changing market environment. Hence, the principles of Learning Organization by Peter Senge (1990) formed the guiding principles to systematically and continuously encouraging employees to enhance their knowledge. Organizational learning is seen as a critical organizational capability for product innovation and creativity to sustain B. Brauns competitive position. The top management of B. Braun Asia Pacific had to overcome the mindset problem and subsequently facilitate new knowledge acquisition and knowledge application to enhance organizational performance. With the learning culture well develope d, the learning agility would become a strategic capability or a part of the DNA of the organization to create and sustain its competitive advantage. Hence, initiatives to make Braun Asia Pacific a learning organization were introduced to build its strategic competencies. Since 2006, many initiatives had started and some of the key initiatives are discussed as follows. Task 2: Discuss the organizational theory that underpins the principles and practices that this company has taken to its management and leadership. 1.0 Introduction of Leadership Theories 1.0.1 Fiedler Contingency Theory The theory takes into account both the context and the situation and try to match up a particular leader to them. The theory purposes that an effective leader will be dependent on the setting. For example, depending on the type of relationship that exists between supervisors and workers, a particular type of leader could be chosen. If the relationship is a relaxed one, the organization may decide they do not require a tough leader. However, if relationship were strained, the organization could decide to appoint a leader with firm style. 1.0.2 Path-Goal Theory This theory is all about employee motivation and how leaders motivate followers to achieve organizational goals. Here, the leader will work to remove any obstacles that are hindering the employees as they move towards their goal. This theory extends Fiedler contingency theory by taking account of the leader in addition to the particular context of task. The theory suggests that it is dependent on particular leadership styles being used at the right time to enable followers to achieve their goals. 2.0 Leaderships Theories Practiced at BBraun Company When the new regional President took over the helm in 2005, he noticed that B. Braun was a major market player in Korea and Indonesia, whereas its market share was small in Taiwan and Thailand in 2006. He ruled out the external market environment as the contributing factor for such variation in sales performance. Instead, he viewed the companys competitive position in the respective countries was the consequence of the local teams competency. In fact, a consulting firm was engaged in early 2005 to conduct a benchmark analysis of the competencies of the existing sales and marketing teams. The analysis benchmarked B. Brauns sales and marketing competencies against those of the other pharmaceutical and medical device companies. The results indicated that the overall competencies of the sales and marketing teams were only mediocre. The marketing team significantly lacked strategic thinking and customer orientation, while the sales team was weak in leadership and the sense of competi tiveness. In addition, the new regional President also noticed that the employee turnover rates in several regional offices were higher than the industry average. He found that almost 50% of the participants in many regional product trainings and meetings which were conducted every two years were new. Since in depth therapeutic knowledge and customer relationship are critical for success in this medical device business, he began to know the reason for the lack of consistent sales growth in many of these regional offices. In the meantime, B. Braun in Germany saw the opportunity to position the company as the safe medical device supplier particularly in the area of intravenous access product range in 2006. B. Brauns manufacturing site in Malaysia was instructed or designated by the head quarter in Germany as the Center of Excellence for the intravenous catheter portfolio. The development of the new devices not only demanded new product innovation but also innovation in productio n technology to ensure cost competitiveness. This strategic move further put pressure on B. Braun management to hasten acquisition of new knowledge and skills by the local workforce to ensure the technology change would be a success in the shortest possible time. Task 3: Discuss the different relevant motivational theories, and hence, apply one of the theories within this company in order to motivate its employees towards effectiveness. 1.0 Introduction of Motivation Motivation is the answer to the question Why we do what we do?. The motivation theories try to figure out what the M is in the equation: M motivates P (Motivator motivates the Person). It is one of most important duty of an entrepreneur to motivate people. (I strongly believe that motivating people with visionary and shared goals is more favorable than motivating through tactics, incentives or manipulation through simple carrot and stick approaches   because motivating with vision is natural wheres the former is artificial and ephemeral). Now, lets rise on the shoulders of the giants : A Classification of Motivation Theories (Content vs. Process) Motivation theories can be classified broadly into two different perspectives: Content and Process theories. Content Theories deal with what motivates people and it is concerned with individual needs and goals. Maslow, Alderfer, Herzberg and McCelland studied motivation from a content perspective. Process Theories deal with the process of motivation and is concerned with how motivation occurs.   Vroom, Porter Lawler, Adams and  Locke   studied motivation from a process perspective. 2.0 Introduction of the Theories of Motivation (1) Abraham Maslows   Hierarchy of Needs https://ozgurzan.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/maslow.jpg?w=300h=178 When motivation theory is being considered the first theory that is being  recalled is Maslows hierarchy of needs which he has introduced in his 1943 article named as A Theory of Human Motivation. According to this theory, individual strives to seek a higher need when lower needs are fulfilled. Once a lower-level need is satisfied, it no longer serves as a source of motivation. Needs are motivators only when they are unsatisfied. In the first level,  physiological needs  exist which include the most basic needs for humans to survive, such as air, water and food. In the second level,  safety needs  exist which include personal security, health, well-being and safety against accidents remain. In the third level,  belonging needs  exit. This is where people need to feel a sense of belonging and acceptance. It is about relationships, families and friendship. O rganizations fulfill this need for people. In the fourth level,  self-esteem needs  remain. This is where people looks to be respected and to have self-respect. Achievement needs, respect of others are in this level. In the top-level,  self-actualization needs  exist. This level of need pertains to realising the persons full potential. (2) Herzbergs  Two Factor Theory https://ozgurzan.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/herzberg.jpg?w=300h=90Frederick Herzberg, introduced his Two Factor Theory in 1959. He suggested that there are two kinds of factors affect motivation, and they do it in different ways: 1) Hygiene factors:  A series of hygiene factors create dissatisfaction if individuals perceive them as inadequate or inequitable, yet individuals will not be significantly motivated if these factors are viewed as adequate or good. Hygiene factors are extrinsic and include factors such as salary or remuneration, job security and working conditions. 2) Motivators:  They are intrinsic factors such as sense of achievement, recognition, responsibility, and personal growth. The hygiene factors determine dissatisfaction, and motivators determine satisfaction. Herzberg theory conforms with satisfaction theories which assert that a satisfied employee tends to work in the same organization but this satisfaction does not always result in better performance. In other words,  satisfaction does not correlate with productivity. (3) McClellands  Achievement Need Theory in his 1961 book named as The Achieving Society,  David McClelland identified three basic needs that people develop and acquire from their life experiences . https://ozgurzan.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/mcclelland.jpg?w=300h=178 Needs for achievement: The person who have a high need for achievement seeks achievement and tries to attain challenging goals. There is a strong need for feedback as to achievement and progres s, and a need for a sense of accomplishment. The person who have a high achievement need likes to take personal responsibility. Needs for affiliation:  The person who have a high need for affiliation needs harmonious relationships with people and needs to be accepted by other people. (People-oriented rather than task-oriented). Needs for power:  The person who have a need for power wants to direct and command other people. Most managers have a high need for power. Although these categories of needs are not exelusive, generally individuals develop a dominant bias or emphasis towards one of the three needs. Entrepreneurs usually have high degree of achievement needs. 3.0 Motivation Theory Practiced at BBraun Company BBraun Company is applied Herzberg Two-Factor Theory to motivate its employees. This theory said that employees are motivated by two factors were referred to as hygiene (or maintenance) factors, and motivators (or growth) factors. BBraun provide its employees the Annual wage supplement and there is Result Bonus Program for employees too. This program is supports their culture of performance by providing rewards based on the achievement of results of their employee. There is also has Reward Bonus which rewards employees based on results achieved, reinforcing individual accountability for meeting business objectives. BBraun also provide Stock Option Plan which provides an opportunity to reward and retain high-performing employees and promote employee ownership of the company. BBraun also has a good condition of working environment for employees. BBraun has provides meal subsidy and an award-winning cafeteria, free snacks and coffee/tea daily to employees. It has also convenienc e store, automated-teller machines, and prayer rooms. Besides that, it also has on site sport and recreational facilities for employees to carry out sports activities. Task 4: Discuss the nature of group behavior within this company, and hence, evaluate the factors that lead to effective teamwork using relevant examples. 1.0 Introduction of Group Behavior A group may be defined as a collection of two or more people who work with one another regularly to achieve common goals. In a group, members are mutually dependent on one another to achieve common goals, and they interact with one another regularly to pursue those goals. Effective groups help organizations accomplish important tasks. In particular, they offer the potential for synergy the creation of a whole that is greater than the sum of its parts. When synergy occurs, groups accomplish more than the total of their members individual capabilities. 1.0.1 Role Clearly defining employee roles in your company is vital to work efficiency. When employees understand what their role is in your company they will be more productive. Employees should also know what is expected of them and the work they produce. Knowing what your expectations are and understanding what role they play in your company will help success. Employees that do not know what is expected of them or their role in your company can lead to unnecessary conflict and misunderstandings. 1.0.2 Norms In sociology, norms are social expectations that guide behavior. Norms explain why people do what they do in given situations. For example, in the United States, it is a norm that people shake hands when they are formally introduced. This expectation accounts for why a job candidate extends a hand toward the interviewer upon meeting as opposed, say, to giving the interviewer a hug. Some norms are enforced by legal sanctions; for example, walking nude in public is often a legal offence that could result in arrest. Mores are norms it is considered very serious to violate, such as the norm not to murder. Folkways are norms that are less strict. People typically feel strong pressure to conform to norms. 1.0.3 Cohesiveness Group cohesiveness is the ability to think and act as one if the group is physically together or not. It means supporting the group in whatever decision or action it takes even if a group member personally is not in favour of the act or thought. It does not mean supporting one person within a group (even though sometimes it may look like it). 2.0 Factors for Effective Teamwork While many employees thrive in fulfilling a small project on their own without the input of others, there will be far more occasions when workers will be required to exist as part of a team, working together in order to achieve the end result. An effective team breeds high morale in its members, allowing them to discover their own skills as well as how to harness the best qualities of their colleagues. Members of a team can help one another, supporting those who are perhaps not performing to the best of their abilities. A team can be considered a living organism in that it adapts and evolves to different projects, changing strategy and focus to achieve the end goal to the best of its abilities. 2.0.1 Cooperation A spirit of cooperation for systematic integration of team members work effort is important aspects of team management. The researches have documented the gains from cooperation to be more than the competition for achieving productivity and quality in organizations. 2.0.2 Communication Management of various communication and patterns is another important aspect of effective team management. Communication helps in generating trust and harmony in team work. 2.0.3 Rewards Team based incentives and rewards like gain sharing where the team members share in the gains accrued by cost savings motivates team members to work for shared goals. 3.0 Group Behaviors of BBraun Company Study Group behaviors concept was incepted in 2005 specifically for B. Brauns manufacturing plant in Malaysia with the main objectives to break down the silo mentality across departments and to involve the second tier experienced managers to spearhead the organization learning. The Study Group which consists of 6 to 8 members from various functional areas is led by a group leader who is the second tier manager. Each study group is to conduct an in depth study of a given organizational issue to recommend areas for improvement. Upon endorsed by the management board, the Study Group can proceed to implement the proposals. Once the project is completed ,it is documented as a case study and deposited in the companys electronic database, the eLibrary. Many initiatives documented are the results of proposals from the Study Groups. Some members of the Study Group later become the internal trainers. Conclusion Deciding on which motivational system to use depends on which efforts are determined to be the most important; in some cases, individual successes might be the most important,  while in others  an organizational sub-units (or groups) performance  could well be the deciding factor. Knowing which techniques to use in a particular situation is a skill that takes time to develop, but it is important to know that even less than successful change implementations often result in enhanced skill development for would-be change agents. Each of the systems has advantages and disadvantages, and each has instances in which it is the most appropriate. Similarly, there is considerable overlap between the three as to which techniques work best; learning how and when to use a particular strategy is  a lesson that can often be learned on the job through tweaking of the instructions and challenges given to the constituency.

Positive Thinking - Use it to Get What You Want

To What Extent Neurotransmitters are Implicated In...

To What Extent Neurotransmitters are Implicated In Schizophrenia During the course of this essay. The effects of Schizophrenia will be discussed, and whether or not neurotransmitters have a major implication in the diagnosis of such a disease. First we will look at the neurotransmitters, and how they develop. Followed by the biological implications towards Schizophrenia. Concluding with empirical evidence to support or disagree with the different aspects that effect the prognosis of Schizophrenia. Neurotransmitters basically evolve through the synoptic knob. This is where an impulse arrives at the synoptic knob, causing calcium to diffuse into from a surrounding tissue fluid. These Ions break†¦show more content†¦Where some neurotransmitters will be degraded by the enzymes known as Catechol -o- methytransferase, (mohamines). The mohamines are thought to regulate concentration from the catecholines. But, catecholines can effect the mood. Although Dopamine and Norepinephrine are structurally the same, they only differ by an extra -OH group on the Norepinephrine molecule. The nerve cells that benefit from Norepinephrine have the exact enzyme which joins the -OH group to Dopamine. Schizophrenia has been a topic of debate that has been widely critized by all different approaches in psychology. However, the Biological implications tend to concentrate on the abnormalities of a behaviour, and how it can happen, referring to the medical model manual as a backup. But, assuming to this model most disorders are based on physical causes, as Kraepelin (1883) stated. Also in (1896) Kraepelin implied that there are major groups of serious mental diseases, and they are Dimentia Praecox (1st terminology for Schizophrenia) caused by a chemical imbalance of the brain, and Manic- Depressive Psychosis, which is caused by a faulty metabolism. In identifying Schizophrenia biologically, their have been hundreds of studies, and what they have discovered was a general predisposition for Schizophrenia. Especially when studying Schizophrenics and their family members. Suggested by Nicol GottesmanShow MoreRelated Phencyclidine: The Dawn Of A New Age Essay3435 Words   |  14 Pages Phencyclidine: The Dawn of a New Age April, 1956 : The pharmaceutical company Parke amp; Davis first synthesize what they believe to be the perfect anesthetic (Souza, 1995). When administered to patients, it causes a completely dissociative state, with no significant respiratory or cardiovascular depression. Patients appear to be awake, eyes open, breathing normally.but are unaware of their surroundings or the procedures being performed upon them (Souza, 1995). Indeed, this is the perfect drugRead MoreThe Blood Brain Barrier2594 Words   |  11 Pagesstained and the rest of the organs were not (Engelhardt Sorokin, 2009). In addition, neurotoxins and electron dense materials injected into the bloodstream were not permitted entry into the central nervous system, instead accumulating outside of what is now known as the blood brain barrier (BBB) (Engelhardt Sorokin, 2009). The BBB is not only a physical barrier, but also a physiological barrier separating the brain and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the blood circulating through the restRead MoreLife Events and Psychiatric Disorders6114 Words   |  25 Pagesand physically demanding conditions. Life event stresses thus essentially follow the environmental tradition, and are concerned with situational encounters and the meaning a person may attach to such events. Stressful life events are causally implicated in a variety of undesirable effects on our performance and health (Dohrenwend and Dohrenwend, 1997). Such observation is based on two assumptions. Firstly, life changes require adaptation on the part of the individual and are stressful. SecondlyRead MoreThe Marketing Research of Brainquiry33782 Words   |  136 PagesAustria is a very interesting niche market. The treatments section of this report contains information on all the illnesses listed in the previously discussed reports. They are as followed: Alzheimers, Epilepsy, ADD/ADHD, Major Depression, Schizophrenia, Anxiety Disorders, Panic Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Eating Disorders and Migraines. Each one describes all possible treatments and a description of all medications available. The competion analysis

SodaMan free essay sample

â€Å"The SodaMan? Do you really think it would work?† I mumbled this to my teammate as we walked out of another gymnastics practice. He responded with a definite yes and said, â€Å"Think about it.† Just as he wanted, that was all I could think about on my drive home. I came into the gym the next day with a sheet of all my scribbles of numbers and half thought out projections of what we could do with this get rich quick scheme. Selling pop and other goods out the back of my car and in the gym. Sounds a little sketchy but we’ll give it a go â€Å"I didn’t think you would take it this seriously.† All I did was laughed and told him to take a look at the things written down on the sheet. With every product sold, we could pay ourselves back and make a profit of over 100%. We will write a custom essay sample on SodaMan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That next week I brought in everything just for a test run. In the couple hours at my gym I was there, I sold enough to pay for the pop and put $30 in my pocket. Though everybody laughed at how simple and childish it was, it didn’t matter. It worked. For the next 2 weeks, I did the same thing and got the same results: More money. That one funny idea, The SodaMan, would still be just a name on a piece of paper in the office of my gym, had I not actually taken a risk and persevered through the doubts of everybody. The innovation, intuition and the ingenuity has given me one employee and a system that has yet to let me down. Still pretty childish, but the money is not.

The Pied Piper of Hamelin Notes free essay sample

â€Å"What are the ways in which Browning tells the poem The Pied Piper of Hamelin? † The Pied Piper of Hamelin is set in medieval Germany, in a small town, Hamelin. The town is plagued by rats when a stranger, the Pied Piper, comes to town and offers to get rid of them if they Mayor will pay him. He plays bewitching music on his pipe which causes the rats to follow him. He leads the rats to the river and they drown. The Mayor breaks his promise and refuses to pay the Piper and the Piper responds by taking away the children of Hamelin. The Pied Piper of Hamelin is one of Browning’s longest poems ever written, there’s a lot to analyse when picking out ways in which Browning tells the poem. Nevertheless, he articulates underlying meanings in each stanza, skilfully allowing us to ponder upon his many techniques and ways of writing. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pied Piper of Hamelin Notes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Browning cleverly uses many different writing styles, and as an audience we can brilliantly conceive his themes and meanings of the poem. In The Pied Piper of Hamelin, the narrative style in third person and its almost as if someone else is telling the story and this is how Browning’s poem could be re-told to children so that they learn a lesson from it, and this is where it began to evolve into a child’s book/play. The way he told this poem is so crucial because it became one of the most important and controversial poems of the 1840’s. Also, The Pied Piper of Hamelin is long and it allows the audience to discover underlying morals and themes which Browning portrays through his poem. This poem specifically has a meaning to it. The character use of the Pied Piper was cleverly structured and for a society where a person like that was taken seriously, it was a very controversial poem because there was a huge conflict as to whether the Pied Piper was right or wrong regarding his actions. Was it okay to take those innocent children simply because he didn’t get paid? Or is it because he was teaching the Mayor of Hamelin a lesson? Also Browning created an unusual rhyme scheme, as it’s not of a consistent pattern so when the words rhyme from different lines of the stanza, it allows the poem to flow, and the reader becomes enticed with the language and structure use. The structure of The Pied Piper varies, because the poem itself is very long the stanzas and rhyme scheme keep it going, it’s not ABAB or AABB, yet still when the words from different lines of the stanza rhyme the poem flows. Also, the amount of lines in each stanza hugely varies. When describing Hamelin as a city the lines of each stanza were kept brief and short, whereas in stanza 14, where the Piper plays his flute and takes the children, is the peak of the poem and the stanza is much more longer, and this is because of the use of enjambment. The way Browning uses enjambment in a poem compels you to read further and further and the mode of the poem changes as you begin to hear yourself reading the poem with a slight rush as the end of the point or sentence carries on to the next line of the stanza, it almost expresses the peak of the drama in the poem. In Victorian England there were several social qualities such as repressed sexuality, strict morality, imperialism and human inventiveness. Browning underlies these themes in his poems, he has an underlying moral to his poem and the Piper is a strong character who disciplines and teaches Hamelin, he’s the complex character who has the potential to be interpreted in many different ways. Browning creates this character in such a way because it’s through the way he is built that these morals are conceived. The description given by the narrator could be depicted, for example as a jolly performer, or an evil clown. Also, his character is so multifaceted that there is no end to the possibilities of how the character can be perceived. These depictions are further developed through the drowning of the rats, and conversely, the kidnapping of the towns children. He can use his powers to manipulate others which contributes to his ambivalent nature. Unlike other poets, Browning fills his poetry with images of ugliness, violence and the bizarre, but the grotesque images are shown right at the beginning, with the violence and explicit behaviour of the rats, and it already introduced us to a main Browning theme. Browning’s use of the grotesque links him to novelist Charles Dickens, who filled his fiction with people from all status’ of society including the aristocracy and the very poor. Like Dickens, Browning created characters who are capable of great evil and this is shown through the Piper. Overall I believe that the language use and poetic techniques of The Pied Piper of Hamelin are skilfully created by Browning, not only for poetry entertainment but as a guideline moral story for a Victorian society. Browning creates such an illustrious poem that his audience continue to remember and analyse it in depth after generations and even a changed society.

Definition and Examples of Vehicles in Metaphors

Definition and Examples of Vehicles in Metaphors In a metaphor, the vehicle is the figure of speech  itselfthat is, the immediate image that embodies or carries the tenor (the subject of the metaphor). The interaction of vehicle and tenor results in the meaning of the  metaphor. For example, if you call a person  who spoils other peoples fun a wet blanket, wet blanket is the vehicle and the spoilsport is the tenor. The terms  vehicle  and  tenor  were introduced by British rhetorician  Ivor Armstrong  Richards in  The Philosophy of Rhetoric  (1936). Richards emphasized the tension that often exists between vehicle and tenor.   In the article Metaphor Shifting in the Dynamics of Talk, Lynne Cameron observes that the multiple possibilities evoked by a vehicle are both derived from and constrained by speakers experience of the world, their socios and Observations below. Also see: Dead MetaphorThe 100 Most Important Words in EnglishNew RhetoricSource DomainTenor13 Ways of Looking at a MetaphorWhat Is a Metaphor? Examples and Observations Tenor and VehicleBecause he was dissatisfied with the traditional grammatical and rhetorical account of metaphor, which he believed emphasized its merely decorative and embellishing powers, I. A. Richards in 1936 reintroduced this pair of terms . . . with the notion of a borrowing between and intercourse of thoughts. Since any metaphor at its simplest  gives two parts, the thing meant and the thing said, Richards used tenor to refer to the thing meant- purport, underlying meaning, or main subject of the metaphor- and  vehicle to mean the thing said- that which serves to carry or embody the tenor as the analogy brought to the subject. . . .The vehicle, [Richards said], is not normally mere embellishment of  a tenor  which is otherwise unchanged by it but . . . vehicle and tenor in cooperation give a meaning of more varied powers than can be ascribed to either.(Norman Friedman in  The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics, 4th ed., ed. by Roland Greene,  Stephen Cush man et al.  Princeton University Press, 2012) Time Bombs as Vehicles- Unambiguous vehicle terms are those that people agree about: there is consensus about what properties they represent. One example of an unambiguous vehicle is time bomb. People agree that time bomb epitomizes something that can cause considerable damage at some unpredictable time in the future.(Sam Glucksberg,  Understanding Figurative Language: From Metaphor to Idioms. Oxford University Press, 2001)- Some three decades after China launched its highly controversial policy restricting families to having one child, the  government  may soon allow a two-child policy to curb a demographic time bomb. . . .The law is believed to have resulted in millions of forced abortions, and has left China with the combination of a rapidly ageing population, a shallow labour pool and an imbalance in the sex ratio. The result is a demographic time bomb.(Kashmira Gander, China May Scrap One-Child Policy to Curb Demographic Time Bomb. The Independent [UK], July 23, 2015)- Wed ged in the narrow space behind us was the umbrella stroller that held Teddy, slumped over in exhausted, jet-lagged sleep. We’d carried him up the stairs like a drunken rajah.We were all ravenous from our morning walk through the greenery of Yoyogi Koen, but I was acutely aware that the ticking time-bomb of the slumbering 1-year-old could interrupt our meal at any moment.(Bonnie Tsui, Traveling to Tokyo With Three Generations. The New York Times, December 3, 2015) Tenor and Vehicle in A Blackbird SingingBy tenor, [I.A. Richards] meant the purport or general drift of thought regarding the subject of a metaphor; by vehicle the image which embodies the tenor. In these lines from R.S. Thomass A Blackbird Singing, the tenor is the birds song, its tune; the vehicle is the fine smelting image in the fifth and sixth lines:It seems wrong that out of this bird,Black, bold, a suggestion of darkPlaces about it, there yet should comeSuch rich music, as though the notesOre were changed to a rare metalAt one touch of that bright bill.(Tenor and Vehicle, J.A. Cuddon, A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. Basil Blackwell, 1991)Tenor and Vehicle in William Staffords RecoilIn William Staffords poem Recoil, the first stanza is the vehicle and the second stanza is the tenor:The bow bent remembers home long,the years of its tree, the whineof wind all night conditioningit, and its answer Twang!To the people here who would fret me downtheir way and make me bend:By remembering hard I could startle for homeand be myself again. I.A. Richard and Vehicle and TenorA modern theory would object, first, that in many of the most important uses of metaphor, the co-presence of the vehicle and the tenor results in a meaning (to be clearly distinguished from the tenor) which is not attainable without their interaction. That the vehicle is not normally a mere embellishment of a tenor which is otherwise unchanged by it but that vehicle and tenor in co-operation give a meaning of more varied powers that can be ascribed to either. And a modern theory would go on to point out that with different metaphors the relative importance of the contributions of vehicle and tenor to this resultant meaning varies immensely. At one extreme the vehicle may become almost a mere decoration or coloring of the tenor, at the other extreme, the tenor may become almost a mere excuse for the introduction of the vehicle, and so no longer be the principal subject. And the degree to which the tenor is imagined to be that very thing which it only resembles also varies immensely.(I.A. Richards, The Philosophy of Rhetoric. Oxford University Press, 1936) Criticism of Richards Theory- As Manuel Bilsky points out, if someone says his mind is a river, mind is the tenor and river the vehicle; but in I walked into the river, what is the tenor and what is the vehicle? This criticism does not vitiate Richards theory; it does indicate the kinds of problems that remained to be clarified.(J. P. Russo, I.A. Richards: His Life and Work. Taylor, 1989)- In her brief assessment of [I.A.] Richards approach, [Christine] Brooke-Rose also notes that the very terms tenor and vehicle destroy the interaction Richards seeks to stress.(Brian Caraher, Intimate Conflict. SUNY Press, 1992) Pronunciation: VEE-i-kul

Critically review weiland and wisley's statement in the light of state Essay

Critically review weiland and wisley's statement in the light of state policies and intervention using a specified international event. (cricket world cup or th - Essay Example far less attention in countries with a far lesser fan following, would that not be enough reason to consider an unprejudiced analysis of the circumstances of sporting defeats? With the changing scenario in the cricket world, the major test playing nations are implementing strict policy measures and considering unorthodox methods to enhance the waning credibility of the sport. Clearly most of these tactics are designed to satisfy the incensed sports supporters – a strong opposition to contend with. Some of the most conservative national cricket boards and cricketing councils are compelled to take surprising stands, clearly out of desperation. It is quite evident that these strategies are a direct outcome of the open mass condemnation targeted at poor player performance. The International Cricket Council (ICC) is the international governing body of cricket. Founded as the Imperial Cricket Conference in 1909 by representatives from England, Australia and South Africa, it assumed its current name in 1989. With 97 members, 10 of which are official test match playing nations, the ICC controls and organises the major international tournaments, and appoints umpires and referees who officiate at all sanctioned international one-day and test matches. The ICC establishes and implements the ICC Code of Conduct, which puts forth the professional standards of discipline for international cricket, and also coordinates action against corruption and match fixing through its Anti-Corruption and Security Unit (ACSU). While the ICC d regulates international cricket, the national governing bodies of some of the highly regarded test playing nations include the BCCI (Board of Control for Cricket in India), PCB (Pakistan Cricket Board), ECB (England and Wales Cricket Board), and United Cricket Board (South Africa’s national cricket association). Some of the lesser-known cricketing nations also have established regulatory bodies including Ireland (Irish Cricket Union) and Holland.

Future Trends of Health Care Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Future Trends of Health Care Finance - Essay Example There is an imbalance of the number of people who demand health care, the price they pay and are willing to pay for it in the future, and the number of health care providers who supply the services demanded. This imbalance creates pressures on health care finance. More and more people, including our government and the businesses that cover health care costs of these people, would not be willing to pay an ever-increasing amount to finance health care. Premiums will not be allowed to increase indefinitely, because it is becoming unsustainable for the government to allow it, leading to cut backs in coverage. Many countries experimenting with different schemes are finding it difficult and unpopular to do so (OECD, 2006). As the PWC article and others (Schur, Berk, and Yegian, 2004) noted, the pressure of lower available financing in the face of rising health care costs and prices in the last decade, and the unwillingness of people (including the government) to pay for them indefinitely, are dangers that threaten our future in three ways. And third, our nation and our government will continue to find it a challenge to balance the costs of maintaining an aging population and a dwindling youth population exposed to more serious sicknesses. These are the challenges facing our health care organization. ... These are the challenges facing our health care organization. Unless we make some changes to cope with these challenges that are partly the effects of health care finance trends, we may not survive as a business. We therefore need strategic thinking to guide our organization, our services, and myself, in the next three to five years. Our organization must learn to manage costs, and invest funds in modern equipment and the training of people to continue improving our productivity, making the hospital sustainable. We need to make sure our health care services meet high quality standards without the costs going up too high, so we can continue to charge affordable prices. We also need to start thinking of ethical issues, like "do we provide the care that is needed and requested, or do we limit ourselves to what is financially covered by health insurance" Everyone from management to the youngest employee has to be prepared to face these challenges. The impact of future trends in health care finance affects all providers in different ways, and in the not-for-profit Catholic hospital where I work the issues we need to be prepared for will range from the medical and financial to the ethical and moral. Some Detailed Considerations I am a registered nurse who manages a Same Day Surgery unit in the hospital as part of my job working for the SSM Network, which has as its mission to provide exceptional health care services driven by core values consistent with our organization's heritage and priorities. We are known for our commitment to quality care - we won the Baldridge Quality Award in 2002, an accomplishment that reflects an exceptional

Dramatic tension for the audience Essay Example for Free

Dramatic tension for the audience Essay In the play, A View From The Bridge, Arthur Miller gave the audience an impression that the Italian immigrants werent welcome to the USA. The scene is set in New York and it relates to six main characters, who are all individuals and play unique roles. Arthur Miller was born on October 17th in 1915 in New York City. He was a prominent figure in American literature and his career as a writer spanned over seven decades. He is considered by audiences as one of Americas greatest play writers, and his plays are widely recognised throughout the world. The play is set in Red Hook. The main focus and stage is the Carbones living and dining room. Alfieri thinks that the public do not appreciate lawyers or priests because he says You see how uneasily they nod to me? Thats because I am a lawyer. In this neighbourhood to meet a lawyer or a priest on the street is unlucky. Were only thought of in connection with disasters, and theyd rather not get too close. A slight of distrust lies in the neighbourhood because he can sense that the law wasnt an amicable idea since the Greeks were beaten. People have told him that the neighbourhood lack an element of elegance and glamour. The neighbourhood consisted of longshoremen and their wives and fathers and grandfathers and poor people. Red Hook was considered quite a dangerous place but now its quite civilized, quite American. Alfieri can foretell the rest of story as he tells the audience that they should watch the situation run its bloody course, and followed that by introducing Eddie Carbone by saying this ones name was Eddie Carbone. The way Arthur Miller uses Alfieri to say this ones, shows that Alfieri has seen this many times before and is giving us a hint that the play is not going to end well. Eddie is introduced on stage by pitching coins with the men, in which he highlighted from them, He is forty-a husky, slightly overweight longshoreman. When Eddie enters his apartment and meets Catherine, there is quite a friendly atmosphere but this changes quickly when Eddie criticizes the way Catherine walks and her appearance. The conversation ends when Eddie says that Beatrices cousins are coming. Here we can get the feeling that Eddie has undiscovered sexual feelings and is very possessive over Catherine. While the family were waiting for Beatrices cousins, Eddie is telling the story of Vinny Bolzano. The story has a significant importance because this play also has a similar story as Bolzano. Miller uses Eddie as the person who informs the immigration about Beatrices cousins (just like the young boy did to his uncle in Bolzanos story). Marco appears to be suspicious initially. He is quite stiff towards Eddie and gives him control of when he requires them to leave. There is an instant reaction where Rodolfo is introduced, we can see Catherine is attracted by his appearance, she asked him many questions like How come hes so dark and youre so light, Rodolfo (you can see how she just addressed the question directly to Rodolfo). Catherine also is astonished, as she said to Beatrice Hes practically blond! . Eddie however assumes that he is homosexual because he has blond hair and sings the song Paper Doll. Eddie doesnt understand the law because he doesnt see the need of obtaining evidence to prove Rodolfo guilty. He just assumes that Rodolfo wants to marry Catherine for the right to stay and become an American citizen. It is difficult for Eddie to express his emotions because he has intimate feelings towards Catherine. Alfieris advice to Eddie was to inform the immigration as to how Beatrices cousins entered the country illegally. Initially Eddie is shocked at the advice and says Oh, Jesus, no, I wouldnt do nothin about that. Alfieri also advised Eddie to learn to let Catherine go. He says The child has to grow up and go away, and the man has to learn to forget. Eddie does not want to let Catherine go. This could result in two endings, either Eddie snitches on Rodolfo and Marco or lets his niece live her life the way she wants to. Catherine starts off a conversation about the places where Marco and Rodolfo have been to. Eddie doesnt seem too convinced when Catherine says theyve been to Africa, and says its true Eddie. Miller uses his stage directions to show that Eddie is only asking Marco about the places they have visited. Then the conversation diverts to Catherine asking Eddie about oranges and lemons growing on trees. Eddie replies directly to Marco. He becomes very aggressive and rude when Rodolfo intervenes. Eddie gets very hostile and snaps back at Rodolfo by saying I know lemons are green, for Christs sake, you see them in the store theyre green sometimes. I said oranges they paint, I didnt say nothin about lemons. . Another incident rises when Eddie has a conversation about how he can teach boxing to Rodolfo. Eddie picks on Rodolfo and tries to intimidate and patronise him. They both throw in some light punches but Eddie gets carried away and grazes Rodolfo. Catherine is astonished and Eddie replies Why? I didnt hurt him. Did I hurt you kid? . Marco had realised that Eddie was bothered by Rodolfo. Marco showed his strength towards Eddie by raising the chair over his head. He does this to make Eddie aware that if anything happens to Rodolfo, Eddie will have to pay the consequences. Arthur Miller shows that Marco has had enough and understands whats going on, the stage directions describes Marco with a strained tension gripping his eyes and jaw, his neck stiff, he also used a simile the chair raised like a weapon over Eddies head. Eddie then realises what Marco meant, his grin vanishes as he absorbs his looks. . This shows us that Marcos hamartia is Rodolfo.

Existentialism Essay -- essays research papers

Existentialism, which spread rapidly over continental Europe after the First World War, is essentially the analysis of the condition of man, of the particular state of being free, and of man's having constantly to use his freedom in order top answer the ever- changing and unexpected challenges of the day. According to the Existentialists, the starting point of every philosophical investigation is concrete human existence. That means that human personality in itself should point the way to the absolute value of reality. A single definition of existentialism is impossible. Definitions, provided by dictionaries are only part of what existentialism is about. †¦central to each definition is the assertion that existentialism is a theory or statement about the nature of man's existence. (1) The term is so difficult to define because, unlike other terms, existentialism is not universal. In other words, there are no two existentialists, which share exactly the same values or beliefs. Al though, here is one major theme: a stress on individual existence, subjectivity, individual freedom, and choice. There are two kinds of existentialist; first those who are Christian, and on the other hand the atheistic existentialists. Many unfamiliar with the subject people associate existentialism with atheism, but they are wrong. The truth is that the majority of existentialists are not atheists. Sartre, which we place among atheists, stress that central concern of philosophy is human existence. He says that human being is a special kind of consciousness (being-for- itself). Everything else is matter (being-in-itself). He believes that human being has no God-given essence and is absolutely free and absolutely responsible. According to him, anguish is the result of the absolute freedom and responsibility. He also says that human existence is absurd and unjustified. Therefore, the goal of human being is to justify his/her existence.(2) Sartre believes that there are those in our history who have established a religion to reassure nothing more than what he calls a "fundamental project ." That means that when we become anguished by the affairs of life we pursue a fundamental project in attempt to flee this anguish. He says that we try to make ourselves Gods in hopes that others would see us divine, and hold us in higher regard. To pursue a fundame... ...ice and this choice was his and his alone. This shows us again that we always have choices, no matter what we might use as an excuse. 1) Barnes, Wesley. "Is Existentialism Definable?" The Philosophy and Literature of Existentialism. Woodbury: Barron's Educational Series, Inc., 1968 2) Douglas W. Shrader, Ashok K. Malhotra. "Pathways To Philosophy". Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 1996. p. 83-86, 87-93, 97-100 3) Sartre'sThoughtsOnPersonality,http://library.thinkquest.org/18775/sartre/pers.htm 4) As above 5) Roberts, David E. "Introduction" Existentialism and Religious belief" New York: Oxford University Press, 1959. 6) Robert C. Solomon. "The Big Qestions" Harcourt Brace College Publishers, New York, 1998, p.241-273. 7) Soren Kierkergaard,ysiwyg://16/http://www.fortunecity.com/263/exist/kierk.html 8) Existentialism And Soren Kierkergaard, http:www.tameri.com/csw/exist/kierk.html.

My father had told me that I should consider first my budget

I am so excited in buying my first car. Can’t wait to drive it! As I was browsing through catalogues and asking friends and family I’ve learned that there are factors that I have to consider in purchasing a car. I thought it was as easy as buying a chocolate bar at the store. My father had told me that I should consider first my budget. What’s the budget I’ve allotted for my car? It was only then that I had thought about it. It seems that my budget won’t match the car I’ve dreamed of buying.So my father told me to think of the other factors, such as, look for a car that would fit my budget. Next is the quality of the car, like the engine and the body; and lastly are the features of the car. What I did was look through the catalogues and brochures again. Write on a piece of paper the features I like and the kind of engine that fits my lifestyle. On the other side are the features of the cars I’m looking at. Cross out the things that I d on’t like, and left out what I like and the things that match them.It was only then that I was able to choose the car that I’ll be purchasing. But there are three choices left, which I really have to think about and consider. I again consulted my father about it to finalize my decision. He told me to go and check out the cars that are in my list, â€Å"Once you’re there and check them you’ll know which one is for you. † And I did went to check the cars out. I wasn’t able to see the third choice for when I saw the second car I knew it was for me.As if it was calling me, when I approached it to check out the seats, the interiors and engine, I didn’t waste any time at all and spoke to the car salesman. That afternoon I negotiated with the salesman and was able to purchase the car less than my budget. I felt so accomplished and victorious. The salesman told me to go back after a few days for the car. I called my father while I was walking out of the office, telling him what happened. He was just laughing while I was talking.I kept on talking as if I didn’t hear he was laughing on the other line. When I was finished he said, â€Å"That’s what I was telling you. Now you know what I was saying. And I can say that you’re too proud and happy that you were able to purchase your first car on your own. † When I heard that I just nodded and said, â€Å"Thank you very much, Dad. I love you. † It was such a fulfilling feeling that, I won’t forget that experience. I go with the same process every time I would purchase something. I’ve learned a lot from my father.

Siddharthas Spitiual And Intellectual Growth Essay

Siddharthas Spiritual And Intellectual Growth In Siddhartha by Herman Hesse, a young Brahmin in the wealthier part of India, approximately three thousand years ago, decides to set a goal onto his life. He decides to journey along the path of enlightenment and reach Nirvana, a state of total bliss. His dear friend, Govinda, accompanies him on this journey. Siddhartha sets out to seek the path to enlightenment, but it is long and difficult. Along the way, he grows spiritually and intellectually from a young seeking Brahmin, to an old, wise, and content ferryman with the knowledge of†¦show more content†¦After three years, Siddhartha realizes that he is not progressing toward his goal. He had learned all the Samanas could teach, and he lost himself a thousand times and for days on end he dwelt in non-being. But although the paths took him away from Self, in the end they always led back to it (15-16). Siddhartha discovers this was not the path he sought; escaping from ones Self did not bring one to salvation. His wisdom gre w when he accepted there was another path and this short escape from Self is experienced by others in a quite different way such as people who drink numbing their senses like he did with the Samanas. He sees that in truth, there is no learning and that his questioning and thirst for knowledge could not be satisfied by teaching. Seeking another path, Siddhartha hears of a Buddha named Gotama, and with Govinda, who also chooses to leave, ventures to see him. After a short journey, Siddhartha and Govinda arrive at the resting place of the Buddha and meet many others who had also come to hear him preach. After one of the Buddhas speeches, Govinda chooses to diverge from Siddharthas path and follow the path of the Buddha with many other followers and is shocked when Siddhartha refuses to. Before leaving, Siddhartha meets and talks with the Buddha face-to-face seeking console. Siddhartha says to the Buddha, You